Winsor McCay 1899;Wikimedia Commons.
After Philippine annexation in 1898, many Filipino farm workers migrated to the American West coast. As a result of opposition to this influx, the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 reclassified Filipinos as aliens, and thus no longer allowed unrestricted access to the United States.
While the Act promised independence of the Philippines after a period of ten years, it actually occurred after WWII in 1946.
Interesting, I didn’t know this. It reflects on our history of immigration in the US. Holly
I just saw John Sayle’s film Amigo, a fascinating (and disturbing) drama about America’s first real venture in colonialism.
https://psmag.com/social-justice/film-recalls-u-s-s-first-overseas-guerilla-war-34961